Denver Real Estate Gets Help From the Neighborhood Stabilization Plan

Denver Real Estate Investment Denver is going to get a boost from the recently announced 29.3 million Neighborhood Stabilization Program funding in 2010. There are high hopes that this stimulus plan will help the City of Denver's efforts to combat the foreclosures that have been a problem since the housing bust. This will not only improve Denver real estate, it will produce thousands of jobs for people involved in construction.

Welcome to Tomrefjord Sea Cabins & Marina!

Tomre Fjord Sea cabins & Marina is located directly at the Tomre Fjord. Ideal for relaxing family/group vacations, fishing, sailing, skiing, snowboarding, cross country and a lot more! We are also just 25 min. away from Molde which has the biggest summer Jazz festival in Norway! (www.moldejazz.no)

Escort Radar 9500ix

Based on the intensive analysis I even have done, Escort 9500ix holds the gold rating on behalf of me. completely different kudos and praises relating to the merchandise had led me to buy the said gadget and it's terribly highly recommendable. No false-alarms and consistency is incredibly well-tested. With the intensive and up to this point technology that this product has, reliability isn't questionable. Installation is incredibly straightforward, particularly for previous users of GPS detectors. the planning of the gadget is incredibly fashionable and it's a lot of elegant compared to different product. Thus, not compromising your car's aesthetics. For a user that does not need to compromise their car's style, Escort 9500ix is incredibly fashionable and wirings aren't abundant of a drag. All you would like to try to do is mount it to your car's dashboard and it's able to use. it's terribly straightforward to use and its user-friendly interface can provide you with a lot of commands and choices to the gadgets overall functionality. There are different add-on gadgets that you simply will use with Escort Radar 9500ix, that may provide you with a lot of edge and additional enhancement for the product's talents, to offer you a lot of protection and reliable info concerning speed traps. For previous users of such gadgets, reading the manual on a way to install it's not even necessary.

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How to disconnect the car

Different devices to disconnect the battery for a long time and is successfully used by many car owners. Structurally, it is most often just a powerful switch that can withstand the current of hundreds of amperes. It is usually placed near the battery, forcing the owner of the car every time "dive" under the hood. At UAZ such switches are set at the factory, and you can manage them from the cabin. In some designs the circuit is removable "flag" - turns primitive "protivougonki."
Another group of master switch - electromagnetic, which are relays, designed for high current. They can be controlled from the cabin via a button on the instrument panel, which is much more convenient. The total lack of them, the presence of additional contacts for burning or oxidation which inevitably drop at start-up motor.
Do I need to disconnect switch at all? If the owner is not lazy each time to remove battery terminal before you leave home, then, of course, they would be useful. Will at least be no risk of fire at random closure of the wiring in the absence of the owner. Sometimes, the battery is quickly discharged through the circuit is live atignition is off.
For example, there are cases where this occurred through jammed gear motor faroochistitelya or light bulb, "glove", which are always lit as loose-fitting lid, or because of the mass, circular door limit switch, turn on the light in the cabin ...
On the other hand, in recent years the popularity of circuit weight has fallen markedly. This is due to the prevalence of electronic security systems, which can not operate when the power battery, and radio with digital tuning, immediately erased on power. Then the installation will have to pull the battery main switch a separate wire, and its meaning is lost in many settings, "self-discharge" through the radio or alarm is a constant one (albeit a small shock.)

Automotive filters: types and their purpose

Air filters clean the air entering the engine from harmful contaminants, ensuring optimal working conditions and reducing abrasion by friction engine components interacting

In the process, the internal combustion engine (ICE) consume large amounts of air. Established that (on average) for the combustion of 1 liter of fuel required as many as 10 000 cubic decimeters air, which, depending on the climate and season contains various types of pollution, such as dust, pollen, insects, etc. They can cause damage to the engine, thereby significantly reducing its service life. That is why the filters kotoryemogut hold up to 99.9% of impurities in the air and falling into the engine air intake system built into the car.

Air filters consist of a hood, located near the engine, and a replaceable filter tips (cartridge).

By design, the air filters are divided into light, used in passenger cars, pickup trucks and SUVs, and heavy, mounted on trucks. Light filters have a rectangle or circle. Round filters are used in the older cars, and have a relatively small amount of filter material compared to the body. In this sense, the rectangular filter is much better. Therefore, they are used in new models of cars. Another advantage of the panel filters - their ecological value. Most of these filters do not contain metal parts, which facilitates the processing of used filters.


Oil filters effectively remove from the engine or transmission oil harmful pollution resulting from abrasion and degradation of engine oil into each internal combustion engine (ICE), a oil filter. Their function is to prevent the entry of any external contamination in engine lubrication system, and at the same time to remove any contamination that was created during engine operation. The main sources of pollution: particulate matter trapped in the combustion chamber with the air and fuel, wear products moving engine parts, water and carbon residues formed during the combustion process, the results of the collapse of the engine oil.

Modern engine oil filters are different designs. They can be divided into two groups, according to a method of preventing contamination. Barrier filters, which is used as a cleaning layer porous material absorbs pollution when oil flows through it. Energy filter, which is separated from the oil pollution in the vortex field of gravitational and magnetic forces. Engine lubrication system equipped with one or the other type of filters, or both simultaneously. The use of a suitable type of filter in the lubrication system of the car is its type and is determined during the development of the engine.

Placing two filters in the lubrication increases cleaning efficiency and extending the duration of the filters. Fuel filters provide a complete cleaning of the fuel particles of particulate matter, especially dangerous for elements of the fuel system and engine. Fuel supply advanced engine includes many fine elements, whose correct operation is required for the smooth operation of the engine. Fuel pump, carburetor or injectors are very sensitive to any impurities in the fuel. Determined that each liter of fuel may contain up to a milligram of various impurities. Special filters are installed in the fuel system of the vehicle to provide the best operating conditions of the engine, and extend the life of its parts. The purpose of these filters is to remove solid components, water, paraffin embedding of the fuel, and precipitation of organic matter (bacteria in the water that enters the fuel). Real efficiency fuel filter depends on the quality of fuel used, as well as the structural features of the engine. In the carburetor fuel systems of gasoline engines with filters 99% efficiency retain particles up to 8 mm in diameter, and fuel injection systems, filters achieve the same efficiency only with particles of diameter 3.2 mm. Obtaining such a high degree of purification and, at the same time, maintaining a long filter life, made possible by the use of multi-stage purification. All filters used in the fuel systems - flow, and therefore all of the fuel that enters the combustion chamber must pass through them. Moving from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber, the fuel is at least through one filter, but sometimes even three.

Hydraulic filters are adapted to operate in extreme conditions due to high pressure and dynamic changes in oil consumption. During the entire period of operation keep the high efficiency removal of contaminants from the oil.

Hydraulic filters are used in various devices and mechanisms, often working under difficult conditions. The reliability of the hydraulic system depends, in large part, on the properties of oil and reliability of each element (pump, servo, filling, valves, etc.) are subject to high pressure, friction and other mechanical influences. To ensure the best operating conditions of hydraulic special filters to clean the hydraulic oil.

The company is in Russia Dalasi automotive filter "Sakura", "j-Sakura" The products of these brands for a long time on the Russian market and has established itself only in a positive way. ISO 9000 and 9001, the system 100% quality control at the end of the process, a wide range of products, including filters for heavy equipment and hydraulic systems, and low price make them very attractive to the consumer. Filter JSakura / Sakura - are available for each vehicle and prolong the life of your engine.

Starting a cold winter injection engine.

Here's a bit of theory and one of the recommendations on this topic is very important to have a cold start is where the fuel is supplied during this very start. On older, carbureted models with low compression all happened quite simply, the air damper closes, the amount of air at the start to adjust the air valve, and the amount of fuel determined throttle when starting. Fuel from the carburetor at this point enters the inlet tube having a sufficient length. Fuel way as a film on the inner surface of the inlet tube so, too, was quite long and extended in time. Note first that metered amount of fuel in the form of a film on the walls of the intake manifold is much easier than in the vapor phase. The path from the nozzle to the combustion chamber to the engine vpryskovym several tens of times less than the carburettor version. Let me remind you that the injector sprays fuel directly on the plate that opens into the combustion chamber inlet valve. Enormous importance to the fact how much fuel enters the vapor phase at this point. It is completely determined by the volatility of fuel. Conditions for the ignition so strongly may vary due to differences in the fractional part, that are difficult to control and regulation. If the gasoline version is not too much because the fuel will crawl through an inlet pipe for a long time and eventually evaporates all the same, then all options vpryskovym much sadder: for not having had time to evaporate once - still burn can not. Our calibration is already done under the heavier fuel than envisaged European standard. We finishing work conducted on fuel with a vapor pressure of 400 kPa instead of European 800 ... 900 kPa. Their gasoline evaporate twice as good and mostly because of European cars in Europe much easier to start. The main thing - do not fill them in our heavy gasoline. (Which, incidentally, is also often dirty, and water). Now I know why the car is started with the central injection better distributed - it is longer and more in the area of ​​the site from the fuel injector to the cylinder. 2112 engine to run reliably at-30Cto: Motor synthetic oil 0W40 - quite expensive. Batteryat least 65Ach.

Winter fuel or the worst, but with stable parameters to calibrate the engine under it, that is. Candles did not 18DVRM A17 ... and preferably Bosch, Brisk, Champion with appropriate heat rating. From the 3rd paragraph the biggest problems. Gasoline in Russia at any brand. Winter - summer and at the same time do not like anything. The problem is complex and will stand as long as all the components of finishing work, especially gasoline and oil will not be the standard. Now be advised on what they brought. And, perhaps, it is better for the domestic consumer, because the problems start with-10C, and in the same French below +5 C is not seen.

Corrosion control body

Probably, most motorists after purchasing a new or used car in second place after the theft deterrent problem is the question of corrosion body.
For a new car, on the back of which there is no corrosion and factory coating is new and clean, it measures the warning order. But they give the maximum effect.
For used car start from the fact that his body is more or less impressed corrosion and completely get rid of it is impossible. Therefore, in this case, you have the maximum suspend it and protect unaffected areas.

Watch for body, wash, polish it, and it will be protected. Bottom, even the most resistant treated to mechanical impact PVC plastisol, not a long time (2-3 years) to resist the effects of sand, gravel, salt and temperature extremes. Under the influence of these factors factory coating deteriorates.

 The wings are in the same position as the bottom. Moreover, there are wings and pockets where gather and accumulate dirt and moisture. Even the new car is worth before using to remove the wheels and meticulously inspect quality of the application of mastic asphalt on the inner surfaces of the wings, especially in the location of the headlights. And the factory can make mistakes, resulting in a wing becomes "victim" of corrosion.

 No less vulnerable internal cavity thresholds grounds central pillars, side members. They are processed at the plant, but the probability of faults is not excluded. In a particularly difficult position thresholds are, if clogged drainage holes used to drain the water penetrated into the rapids.


 Subjected to additional corrosion protection just bought a car - is simple enough. Only necessary materials and tools for its application. Much more difficult to perform this operation on a car that already operated. Here the lion's share of time and physical effort must be expended to prepare the surface. It makes no sense to delay this dirty, time-consuming and demanding operation for later. Take care of the car handling, pre-prepared for a wire brush, wooden scraper, sandpaper, paintbrush, white spirit, rust converter, rust paste and rags.

 Getting to work, it must be remembered that labor and money will be spent only under conditions of good surface preparation. Must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, old ruined cover, all kinds of fats. Only to skim the surface clean with a metal grip mastic be reliable. Wash the prepared surface is best poddavleniem powerful jet of water. Getting rid of the dirt, you can see the condition of the old surface. If it started to flake off, a metal brush and scraper will bring the matter to an end. Wire brush - a reliable tool for the removal of loose and the formation of rust. Doing the dirty work, stripped sandpaper surface degreased with white spirit.

  Chemists have invented a very effective structure - rust converter. In a short time, this compound applied to the surface of red rust, a miracle. Attacks become grayish red, and rust is converted to a more stable and not harmful compounds. Processed transducer surface ready for the application of anti-corrosion materials to them. Mastic and paste depending on their viscosity can be applied by brush, trowel or hand in glove. The main condition: there should not be exposed places.

 Most technologically advanced for manual application, bituminous mastics. They are well withstand moisture and salt, but not enough to stand against the sand and gravel, and have a low resistance to frost. At low temperatures, the coating becomes brittle, and only a stone to polish began to crumble. Often, the short-term protection of the bottom and the wings used wax formulations. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. They penetrate well and fill pores, cracks, flanging and pockets, but can not stand the shock. After thinking, inventive motorists to plot the wax formulations over bitumen than provide less brittle at low temperatures.

 As already mentioned, all the details that are box section are especially susceptible to corrosion. This is no accident. In the cavities due to lack of ventilation is always wet. In the gaps between the spot welds can access water and dirt, and given that the corrosion protection composition of these cavities is not always possible, as it should, then it becomes clear why the attack "was chosen" these places.

 Before the 50's almost no cavities processed, saved their only significant thickness of the metal. Developed in Sweden called ML - a method of corrosion control (the first letters of the company name "Motorman Laurin") allowed the "direct" the aging and deterioration of box designs. Naturally, the new method is required related materials that could seal the cavities, as well as uniform thin layer sprinkle them over the surface. This required special equipment. Domestic drug specifically designed for application in the cavities, is Movil. The product is interesting in that it can be applied to surfaces that have been previously coated with a light oil and are affected by corrosion. This is important, as is not always possible to clean the inside of the box-like structures from the old coatings.

 Car owners have to deal with serious problems, especially with the lack of equipment for applying the product. To alleviate some of the problem of those who, having no other option, I decided to self-handle body, we advise to use the experience gained in this area. In principle, the equipment is very simple. It works by spraying under pressure 6.4 kg / cm, which is sufficient to spray drug Movil. Developed and a working body - jet that creates a torch spray. Nozzle with a plastic tube connected to the extension of the elastic gun KRU-1 and inserted through existing or newly drilled holes in the area of ​​a box element.

 If you do not have such a device, offering home-made design of installations and sprayers. It fits all: hand and foot pumps, spray guns, sprayers, sprinklers.
That's one of the simplest designs. You can use the spray nozzle from the usual cologne spray by soldering it to the brass tube and drill nozzle of 1.2 mm at the tip. To the inner wall of the tube to solder the brass tube through which flows a preservative. Pump (it may be more powerful) hose from the tube. To file a preservative to the tube used PVC tubing. Spray this design ensures torch spray drug Movil diameters up to 0.2 m at a constant air supply,

 Places application of anticorrosive material under the hood and in the luggage compartment of the service stations are cleaned with water. At home, where the possibilities are limited to dry, you can thoroughly clean these areas with a damp cloth. The preferred treatment of the body to carry out on the lift.

 The basic amount of processed points located on the bottom.

 To get into the rapids to the spare wheel and the cross bar under the front seats, you need to get a special rubber-cork stoppers. They are two on each side for the front fenders, one piece on each side of the arch in the rear wheel into the center of a spare wheel, one on each side of the cross member under the front seats. You should also clean the drains thresholds.

 Underbody, wheel arches and inaccessible cavities must be thoroughly rinsed with water under pressure, otherwise the work done will be in vain. Use compressed air can dry more quickly washed the bodywork. The wheels do not interfere, they should be removed by setting the vehicle on the stand, and the discs, brake drums, rear axle, drive shaft and transmission need to wrap the paper. It remains open the doors, hood, trunk lid, and begin processing.

 If you look around the bumpers and wheel covers car, which operated more than 4-5 years, you will surely find them corroded. Consequently, chrome - not such a reliable protection. Indeed, the chrome plating is a weak point - is porous coating. It is for this reason that part is first coated with layers of copper and nickel, and then chrome plated. However, moisture, salt, sulfur dioxide, and behind them and find ways to attack and penetrate the coating through the pores. One thing is clear: decorative items must be maintained in good condition. Technology care of these details can be divided into two stages: the removal of dirt (Car Wash), immediately remove traces of corrosion and tarnishing. The coating layer (copper - nickel - chromium) is very thin (90 - 110 mm), so wipe bumpers, hoods and other decorative chrome parts with a dry cloth harmful. Coating is scratched and rapidly destroyed. After washing, wipe the parts dry and then treated "Avtoochistitelem chrome." Get involved in this line-up does not follow, as one of its components is the abrasive material that removing plaque corrosion, removes both the coating. Application for avtoochistitelya chrome once in 2-3 months should provide a good condition of these parts.

 Winter environment is complicated, and to help "Avtoochistitelyu for chrome" comes protective paint or grease. Covering lubricated parts, do not forget about their back sides, as the details have a habit of rust on all sides.

Does the engine to warm up before going?

Answer to this question is not easy. On the one hand, with cold engine operation (especially with high load) actually accelerated wear, and not only because of lack of lubrication, but also on the temporary mismatch gap between those that are required. Indeed, only after the engine warms up, it reaches the set designer temperature at which the dilated parts interact correctly.

On the other hand, because of the idling engine works with a small heat transfer and heat slowly, so that when it is fully charged, - means to extend its running time in the worst mode.

However, the slow engine warming in its details do not appear dangerous thermal stresses, and at very fast heating, they are not excluded. It is known that for any changes in temperature of engine parts, in many cases there is any damage. Warping of the cylinder head or piston seizure is often explained by this.

As for foreign cars, their manufacturers do guided environmental requirements. It is believed that damage to the environment is unacceptable. Even if the trip on a cold engine is bad for his part, has to put up with this.

When it comes to domestic cars, correctly, perhaps, follow the factory instructions. Usually recommended to embark on a journey to reach the engine temperature at which it works stably without the "choke." It is approximately 40 - 50 ° C.

On cars with fuel injection temperature at which you can go on the road, may be lower.

How to avoid excessive consumption of fuel in the car?

In the current world situation, with regular fuel is dorozhaniem all overhead use the car. We present a few basic and fairly simple rules and guidelines to help the novice driver to avoid high fuel consumption in your car.

Regularly check the technical condition of your car. Serviceable, but not adjusted properly around the vehicle to fuel a 10% increase.

Keep an eye on tire pressure. Reduction of pressure in car tires with a 2.0 to 1.5 kg/cm2 kg/cm2 inevitably increases fuel consumption by about 3%. The measurement of the pressure in the tires should be able to cool them, because even after a minor run tire pressure increases.

Regularly adjust the alignment of your car.

Try to avoid unnecessary transport of cargo. Note that each 50 kg of extra load increases fuel consumption in your car by about 2%.

Using the air conditioner increases fuel consumption in the vehicle for about 10%.

Lead to excessive fuel as open windows, especially when the vehicle speed above 50 km / h. The value of over-dependent on the geometric features of the body of a vehicle, as well as how these windows are open.

Note that each subsequent inhibition involves acceleration. This, in turn, causes an increase in fuel consumption in the vehicle. Therefore, try to avoid sudden braking. Try to reduce the rate of advance of your car at the traffic lights (if you see the red light in front), intersections, etc.

If possible, try to avoid travel on your car during rush hour.

Try to go slowly and smoothly. Do not drive dramatically.

Before driving the engine warms up to the days when the temperature gauge begins to move. After such a mild warm-up while driving the gas pedal should be pressed slightly until the engine warms up completely.

When moving correctly select the appropriate gear.

Do not move at high speeds. Use basically the speed, which is optimal in terms of fuel economy for your vehicle. Typically, for most cars the most appropriate speed is in the range of 80-100 km / h.

Shut off the engine of your car when it is stopped for more than one minute.

Avoid long-term drive to low gear (eg, in traffic jams, etc.).

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On night road

Check out on the road - always some risk. He rises at dusk and at night all the more. To the usual dangers added physiological properties of the body. By night a little more active inhibitory processes, fatigue sets in after a day of stress, decreases alertness and reaction time.

Consequently, on the night road from the driver requires maximum attention and special care. It is clear that travel must be properly otdohnuvshim.Nikakogo-will, the dream - forget it!

Virtually the only advantage of an overnight trip - few cars, the road is not loaded and little noise movement. But this should not relax. And statistics show that accidents at night almost half. Maybe an empty track pushes driver to drive faster? Clearly makes clear - in racing we do not participate!

Overnight trip requires special and careful preparation. It is absolutely necessary to test the headlights, turn signals, clean all the windows. Unwashed windshield complicate the already difficult night vision. Yes, and more diffuse light oncoming cars.

Before the trip, the main attention is paid to the lighting device car, clean windows, check the operation of the headlights. Dirty windshield - a source of increased danger, as both difficult to review and scatters light coming from the headlights of cars driving on the wrong side.

Pick up the lighting of the dashboard. Too dim perception complicate the readings, too bright will be an additional source of irritation to the eyes. Switch inside mirror placed in the position for an overnight trip.

Prepared, checked ... can go.

Night Road. Headlights on, just as soon as it started getting dark. You should see all the other road users. Driving with headlights turned off neighbors is dangerous for you and for them.

When you stop the parking lights should remain on, especially if the area is not covered at all expensive or poorly lit. You either have to pull off the road completely, or drive away the car as far as possible to the extreme strip, and be sure to include where appropriate alarm.

What is the most dangerous road in the night? Overall opinion - lack of review. Indeed, often intuitively navigate the traffic situation, because the whole vision - twenty meters headlights illuminated the road. Hence it is clear - the higher the speed, the less accurately you can assess the situation.

Very insidious threat - a threat to dazzle car. If the junction with the oncoming car driver leaves the main beam, thus he shows his incivility and disrespect for others. There is a danger instant blindness. Panacea, unfortunately, from there, you can only advise to look at this point a little to the side, emphasizing attention to the sidelines.

If you notice Failure to disconnect from far distant lights of the car in their relation to it, you can: switch to low beam for 200 meters to the siding, carefully keep your distance to the vehicle ahead and note any defects, irregularities in the road.

Remind this counter on the rules of road etiquette posignalte short bursts beam. If the risk can not be avoided, keeping close to the right side of the road and keep sufficient room for maneuver to the side of the interval to the oncoming traffic.

On the night overtaking. They are more difficult and dangerous than during the day. Overtaking when approaching the car going forward switch to low beam, then check whether to allow overtaking signs and markings, analyze the situation, we verify the safety of the maneuver, turn left turn signal.

 At the time of departure to the next lane speed increases. Continuing, we see that the overtaking vehicle is in sight. Came up to overtake, you can switch to high beam (if the counter-movement) - it will help to better understand the situation on the road. After completing the overtaking return to your lane, activate the right turn signal.

Good reception - to select the track on the night a "leader" - a car that is calm, confident, with a constant speed. And you quietly follow it does not accelerate, just keep your distance. In this case, you will have time to react after it to changing circumstances on the road and on his errors.

Pass inspection

Security can only be efficient car. This is an indisputable truth. That is why the technical condition of the car should be not only the owner, but also the state on behalf of the traffic police, obliging motorist regular inspection of the vehicle.
How often? According to the rules, introduced in 2007, the newly acquired vehicle must pass technical inspection in the first year from the date of manufacture. The machine age of seven inspected every two years and older - once a year. But if the vehicle is designed to carry more than eight passengers (excluding the driver), then it has to be inspected every six months
Should not be delayed visit to the traffic police to the last day (you never know what can prevent it, and then you do not meet the deadline.)

How to prepare for the visit?

Naturally, it is necessary to wash the car, including the wheels and, of course, the license plate number. Adjust lights, test the wipers, seat belts, sound. Door locks should clearly open and close. Backlash steering must conform to the standards stated by the manufacturer. Of course, the car should be a warning triangle, fire extinguisher, first aid kit (and everything in it to the list, and the drug should not be expired). It is very desirable to come to the tires, the respective season. Setting yourself up to the possibility of a long line, and in general to the seriousness of the event.

What documents need to be, going to the inspection?

This is your passport, driving license, medical certificate, vehicle registration document (or a power of attorney from the owner), a receipt for payment of taxes and payment inspection
First, however, you meet with the inspector, and the car afterwards. So do not forget about your own appearance. It is understood that the documents proving your identity, and driver's license to be valid, ie, not past due.
If your machine has a spetssignalami and advertising signs, you should have an even traffic police permission and agreement with the advertiser.

By the way, we should remember that in addition to the machine on checkup "inspection" and the owner. Therefore, we must take care not only about their appearance, but also have the original documents proving your identity and ownership of the car.



How is tehosmotrr
Long gone are the days of examination "by eye." Cars have become more complex, naturally and control too. On point your machine tool control check on the most important for its security parameters:
• How does the service and parking brakes. Under the new rules, test and operation of the automatic control braking forces and the ABS (if available). Cross off course during braking must be within 0.7 m
• Working steering. Backlash is defined by standard steering manufacturer, in its absence, in the documentation for the car gap can not exceed 10 degrees.
• Working external lights, wipers and washer. Lamps should be blue light.
• Wheels and tires must match the vehicle structure, the height of the tread must not be lower than the norm (in other words, the rubber should not be bald).
• checks the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases - at idle and higher revs, with defined parameters of CO and CH. If the machine has an oxygen sensor, check comes in three stages with the gas analyzer.
• Fuel and hydraulic fluids should not leak. In this case, check the tightness of all the fluid systems and connections in the crankcase ventilation system.
• All major equipment related to security - the doors, emergency exits, safety belts, towbar, etc. - Will be tested. Naturally, all of this should work.
• Marking of components and assemblies shall comply with the requirements
After a standard test vehicle parts and systems specialist tool control point data was entered in the diagnostic card. When detecting deviations in the system you have to fix them (this gives you 20 days of delay), and then to come back to the inspection station, where your car will test only the comments and no extra charge.
MOT can rob you of a lot of time and effort, so it is very important to properly and efficiently to prepare for it. In the end, you get a voucher for passing inspection ("lobovichok") and safely drive up to the next scheduled visit to the office.
If someone suddenly comes to mind a strange idea "zakosit" inspection, it must be remembered that the absence of the voucher gives the full right inspector removed from the machine room to write a resolution to ban the use of the vehicle, and then send it to the penalty parking. All this will create a lot more problems than the technical inspection.

Basic data of the motors

On most vehicles mounted internal combustion engine (ICE). Device it is difficult even for a specialist, especially for the average driver-layperson. However, when buying a car always always refers to the characteristics of the engine. The layman is usually lost before choosing a car at all, or a specific version of it in particular. Try to understand the main technical characteristics of the internal combustion engine.

How many cylinders?

In modern cars from 2 to 16. This rather impressive result. Thus, the two engines of the same size and capacity can differ in other ways.

Position of cylinders

Two types: in-line (sequential) and V-shaped (double row), when one crank shaft cylinders are arranged on both sides. In this case, an important role is played by the camber angle cylinders. Large camber angle lowers the center of gravity, and facilitates cooling oil flow, but it reduces the dynamic characteristics of the increased inertia. Small angle reduces the weight and inertia, but leads to a more rapid overheating.

Radical species - Boxer engine with an angle of a breakdown in 180 °. In this case, all the advantages and disadvantages of the highest. Another variety - W-shaped (four, two synchronized and connected to the overall drive system V-shaped engine).

A very rare type of engine - row-V-shaped, a synthesis of these two species. The cylinders are arranged in series, but with a tolerance on both sides, which contributes to cooling.

Generally speaking, between the two main types of engine weight and dimensions vary. NOdnako important that the lowest level of noise and vibration is achieved when in a row an even number of cylinders.

The combustion chamber

In other words, the volume of the engine. It directly affects absolutely all the other characteristics of the engine. In most cases, an increase leads to a higher power, and of course, fuel consumption.

Material Engine

Usually three options - cast iron or other ferrous alloys (maximum strength, but a lot of weight). aluminum and its alloys (low weight and the average strength) magnesium alloy (minimum weight, high strength, but the price is very high.)

These characteristics are, in general, speak only of the resource, and noise and vibration.

In practice, the output characteristics are more important:

• Power. It is measured in horsepower (hp - the traditional unit of measurement) or kilowatts (kW). It determines the speed and the acceleration car.

• The torque created by the engine maximum traction. Measured in Newton-meters (N • m). Indirectly affects the speed and acceleration and straight - the "elasticity" of the engine that is capable of accelerating at low revs.

• The maximum number of crankshaft revolutions per minute (rev / min)

Shows how many revolutions per minute of the crankshaft the engine can withstand without loss of strength in the resource. The higher the speed, the more dramatic and dynamic vehicle has.

However, an equally important flow characteristics:

• Fuel consumption. Usually measured in liters per 100 kilometers. Consumption in urban, suburban and mixed version is different.

• The type of fuel. Mark of its gasoline or diesel fuel (DF). In modern cars can use any brand, but at lower octane falling resource strength and power, and with an increase in excess of - increased capacity, but reduced resource. Also at higher octane number, the heat transfer, which may lead to early overheating. Example fuel brands: A-76, A-92, A-98, A-95Evro, DT, DT Euro, DT Super.

• Oil consumption. Measured in liters, but by 1000 km. The maximum rate - 1l/1000km for sound machine.

• Make consumed oil. Usually oboznachetsya hhWhh. The first number - the density of the oil, the second - its viscosity. For example - 0W40 and 5W40 - synthetic oils, 10W40 - semi-synthetic oil, 15W40 and 20W40 - mineral oils .. More dense and viscous oils improve the strength and reliability of the engine, less dense - improve the dynamic output performance.

Attention! Oils such as 70W90 or 95W100 gear and are in any case can not be used in the engine - it is guaranteed to cause a malfunction of the engine!

• Resource strength, that is, how often should the engine maintenance. Usually within 5 000-30 000 km. Mileage limit can roughly determine the full service life, after the warranty mileage terminate the warranty.

This is a basic consumer characteristics.

However, it should be noted a wide range of more advanced features:

• Type of fuel - petrol and diesel engines. Gasoline typically have more power, but diesel has lower consumption and high torque.

• The type of gasoline injection system. In modern vehicles electronic fuel injection (injection) fuel, which allows for more efficiency. Older, most carburetor fuel intake system. Carburetor sprays, as the injector, the fuel in the combustion chamber, and throws it in the jet, which increases fuel consumption, reduces efficiency and makes the management, less convenient.

Usually installed on the engine carburetor one mnogokarbyuratornye engines are more common tuning and sports models.

• The type of gasoline injection systems - single-point and multi-point fuel injection. Single-point system is almost never used because loss of power far exceeds the savings topliva.Mnogotochechny - distribution and direct injection. With Multi-point injection in the combustion chamber creates a homogeneous mixture, which provides stability on all modes and simplicity.

Direct (direct) injection, paradoxically, increases and power, and resource strength, reduces fuel consumption. But in this case, high-value, high-quality fuel is required and there is instability of operation at low speed and at cold start.

Disadvantages of both systems combined offset (double) injection. It is the application of both systems separately - when changing the electronics "choose" the right one.

• Diesel injection system

Although diesel engine easier gasoline, fuel injection system of its complex, built on a different principle:

Pump - the most simple system of diesel injection with low qualities. System with unit injectors. In this case, each spray nozzle is also a pump supplying fuel to the combustion chamber. Data in this case is better, but the stable operation of the engine is also problematic. Both systems are individually hardly used.

The combination of the high pressure pump and unit injectors - the total ramp fuel high pressure Common Rail. Fuel pump delivers fuel to the ramp, where it is subjected to compression and high pressure is injected into the combustion chamber. Now it is the best system because it provides high power performance and fuel economy.

Improving previous - Battery-returnable ramp Common Rail second generation. Compression occurs in the rail due to the accumulation of fuel, and the surplus goes back to the fuel pump - it reduces pumping losses of power and fuel economy.

• Nozzle injection - mechanical or pezotronnye. They do not affect the characteristics of the engine, but pezotronnye give a smoother work cycle and they are easier to set up.

• Valve Inlet / Outlet 2 to 5 per cylinder. The larger valves, the smoother operation and greater power, though it slightly increases fuel consumption.

Compressor. His role - compression inlet mixture.

• Atmospheric engines - Compressor not.

Engines with compression - compressor (mechanical compressor) and turbo-charged, different type of drive.

• The mechanical compressor is driven directly from the engine crankshaft, which creates some loss of power and increase fuel consumption, turbocharging has turbine impeller, which was driven by the pressure of the exhaust gases. It's more reliable and does not loss but gain less torque, especially at low speeds.

Sometimes placed on the engine, multiple compressors in series (improved stability) or parallel (increase in peak performance mode).

Gas distribution system - valve gear, camshafts and drive. Number of junction trees can vary, but usually one for every 8 valves.

Drive timing - chain or belt. Belt is simpler, but requires regular replacement. Chain safer, but produces more noise (metallic clang), and more.

Valve gear

The simplest - a static mechanism. Dynamic - height adjustable valve lift and variable valve timing.

Changing the height of valve lift allows you to switch between the two modes of motion - for example cost and speed. Variable valve timing provides a smooth operation throughout the operating speed range of crankshaft.

There are many other features of the engine, but they are less affected by their characteristics.

Baby in car

Has long been a common practice in the morning to bring up a child in day care or school, and then just pick it up. On a family trip to the weekend and say nothing. If the children in your car - your responsibility driving increases many times.

The child in the car should be comfortable and safe. The hands of even the most loving parents do not provide. As you know, our country is a signatory of the European Road under the Convention which require transport children up to 12 years only in the child seat and the rear seat. This is a fairly stringent requirement did not appear for a reason: at a low speed collision of the child in the hands to hold. About similar accidents scary to hear. Sometimes you can see a video of crash tests with dummies, and if for a moment, imagine ...

Child car safety seat is selected primarily on the basis of weight of the child. The price of the age of the child seat, the appearance of which it is made - it is then. Manufacturers offer three types of car seats: for babies weighing more than 9 kgand 15 kg.

Typically, in each group there are universal models use wider range of 5-10 kg body weight of the child. Having bought a seat, win the price and terms of service, but still safer car seat with a narrow range of acceptable weight.

Chair of the first group recommended to the weight of 13 kg. This portable chair. They are equipped with a large handle, have reinforced side protection, three-point belts and head restraints, which is very important for children in the first months of life.

Chair of the second group (9 kg) are five-point harness with shoulder pads.

In the third group of seats (15 kg) is still movable armrests and headrests.

Older and "heavy" children in the vehicle is placed on the booster - the device, "adds" child growth to harness passed on his shoulder.

Note that the child seat must conform to European standard ECE 44/03 or 44/04 and to the Russian GOST R 41.44-2005, is based on the European. Labeling standard ECE 44/03 (44/04) means that the chair has been tested and certified.

How to strengthen the child seat in the cabin? Almost all of infant car seats that meet the European standard, put on safety fastening ISOFIX. Foreign cars usually have the mount is in the base, but they can also be installed as an option. If the system is not ISOFIX, child seat can be mounted three-point seat belts.

How to choose a drive?

I think the people who are a little familiar with the automotive industry, they know what the drive by car. But it is better to repeat: the energy output must transfer to the wheels. Which wheel is transmitted energy, and this will drive.

There are three drive are: front, rear and complete.

About each of them:

1. Front-wheel drive.

Judging by the title, once it is clear that the energy transferred to the front wheels. This drive is most often used on inexpensive Japanese cars. Because of the lack of universal joint, the car has less weight. A car with front wheel drive is prone to drift, because the front end is heavier than the rear.

Pros: Good permeability. Front-wheel drive is best suited for inexperienced drivers, because of its simplicity

Cons: The car has a poor dynamic response, and is prone to drift.

2. Rear-wheel drive.

Energy is transferred to the rear wheels. Such drive is most common on American cars and VAZ classics. Also, this drive is set for European and Japanese cars of high quality.

Pros: Great drive for the sports car class.

Cons: not their best option for novice drivers, as the car are prone to drift.

3. Full drive.

Energy is transferred to all four wheels. Used on SUVs, sports cars, sedans middle and upper class. Four-wheel drive can be different. It may be that 70% of the energy comes the front wheels and 30% to the rear. For example, the Misubishi Outlander, all the energy is transferred to the front wheels, but if the car tends to drift, the energy is transferred to the rear wheels.

Pros: Good cross, great for inexperienced drivers.

Cons: The most expensive and hard drive type.